Антитела к глиадину у больных шизофренией

The present work measured circulating antibodies against native gliadins, deamidated gliadin–derived epitopes, and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in 473 patients with schizophrenia and 478 control subjects among a Chinese population. The results showed that 27.1% of patients with schizophrenia were positive for the IgA antibody against native gliadins compared with 17.8% of control subjects (χ2 = 11.52, P = .0007, OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.25–2.35), although this significant difference appeared to be due mainly to low IgA gliadin antibody levels in female controls. A total of 27.6% of female patients were positive for IgA gliadin antibodies compared with 13.9% of female controls (χ2 = 10.46, P = .0012, OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.39–4.01), and 26.4% of male patients were positive for IgA antibodies compared with 19.8% of male controls (χ2 = 3.26, P = .071, OR = 1.46, 95% CI 0.97–2.19). Of 128 patients who were positive for the IgA antibody against native gliadins, 8 were positive for the IgA antibody against deamidated gliadin epitopes and 1 was positive for IgA anti-TGM2 antibody. However, quantitative analysis demonstrated that the mean levels of IgA antibodies against deamidated gliadin epitopes and TGM2 were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia than the control subjects (P < .001 and P = .008, respectively). The prevalence of IgG antibodies against native gliadins was not significantly different between the patient group and the control group (χ2 = 2.25, P = .134, OR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.92–1.88). This study suggests that specific gliadin-derived epitopes may be involved in schizophrenia.

 A Study of Circulating Gliadin Antibodies in Schizophrenia Among a Chinese Population

Восприимчивость к глютену в норме, при шизофрении и при целиакии

Individuals with recent-onset psychosis and with multi-episode schizophrenia who have increased antibodies to gliadin may share some immunologic features of celiac disease, but their immune response to gliadin differs from that of celiac disease.

Markers of Gluten Sensitivity and Celiac Disease in Recent-Onset Psychosis and Multi-Episode Schizophrenia.

In contrast to previous reports, we found no evidence for celiac disease in patients with chronic schizophrenia as manifested by the presence of serum IgA anti-endomysial antibodies. It is unlikely that there is an association between gluten sensitivity and schizophrenia.

"Bread madness" revisited: screening for specific celiac antibodies among schizophrenia patients.

These findings indicate that the anti-gliadin immune response in schizophrenia has a different antigenic specificity from that in celiac disease and is independent of the action of transglutaminase enzyme and HLA-DQ2/DQ8.

Novel immune response to gluten in individuals with schizophrenia

We report the unexpected resolution of longstanding schizophrenic symptoms after starting a low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet. After a review of the literature, possible reasons for this include the metabolic consequences from the elimination of gluten from the diet, and the modulation of the disease of schizophrenia at the cellular level.

Schizophrenia, gluten, and low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diets: a case report and
review of the literature

There are several case reports of coexistence of coeliac sprue and depression, schizophrenia and anxiety. Coeliac disease should be taken into consideration in patients with psychiatric disorders, particularly if they are not responsive to psychopharmacological therapy, because withdrawal of gluten from the diet usually results in disappearance of symptoms.

Psychiatric symptoms and coeliac disease.

A double-blind control trial of gluten-free versus a gluten-containing diet was carried out in a ward of maximum security hospital: 24 patients were studied for 14 weeks. Most suffered from psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia. Various dimensions of behaviour were rated on the Psychotic In-Patient profile (PIP) at different stages. There were beneficial changes in the whole group of patients between pre-trial and gluten-free period in five dimensions of the PIP, maintained during the gluten challenge period; these changes could be attributed to the attention the patients received. Two patients improved during the gluten-free period and relapsed when the gluten diet was reintroduced.

A double-blind gluten-free/gluten-load controlled trial in a secure ward population.

Непереносимость глютена и шизофрения

Celiac disease (CD) and schizophrenia have approximately the same prevalence, but epidemiologic data show higher prevalence of CD among schizophrenia patients. The reason for this higher co-occurrence is not known, but the clinical knowledge about the presence of immunologic markers for CD or gluten intolerance in schizophrenia patients may have implications for treatment. Our goal was to evaluate antibody prevalence to gliadin (AGA), transglutaminase (tTG), and endomysium (EMA) in a group of individuals with schizophrenia and a comparison group. AGA, tTG, and EMA antibodies were assayed in 1401 schizophrenia patients who were part of the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness study and 900 controls. Psychopathology in schizophrenia patients was assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). Logistic regression was used to assess the difference in the frequency of AGA, immunoglobulin A (IgA), and tTG antibodies, adjusting for age, sex, and race. Linear regression was used to predict PANSS scores from AGA and tTG antibodies adjusting for age, gender, and race. Among schizophrenia patients, 23.1% had moderate to high levels of IgA-AGA compared with 3.1% of the comparison group (chi(2) = 1885, df = 2, P < .001.) Moderate to high levels of tTG antibodies were present in 5.4% of schizophrenia patients vs 0.80% of the comparison group (chi(2) = 392.0, df = 2, P < .001). Adjustments for sex, age, and race had trivial effects on the differences. Regression analyses failed to predict PANSS scores from AGA and tTG antibodies. Persons with schizophrenia have higher than expected titers of antibodies related to CD and gluten sensitivity.

Prevalence of Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity in the United States Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness Study Population.