Влияние физической активности на фармакокинетику лекарственных средств

Physical activity produces many positive physiological changes. Some of these physiological changes, however, can adversely affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and/or excretion of certain medications when taken concurrently. Blood flow distribution is fundamental to the study of pharmacokinetics and can vary dramatically during rest compared with exercise. The liver and the kidney play significant roles in calculating the pharmacokinetic parameters of medications. Blood flow to these organs is significant at rest but decreases during exercise. These changes in blood flow, as well as other physiological changes during exercise, have shown to alter the pharmacokinetics of some drugs. Medications that require extra therapeutic monitoring may be affected by this drug-exercise interaction. Health care professionals and patients should be aware of these potential drug-exercise interactions.

Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions with Physical Activity

Воспалительная теория шизофрении

Of great interest are findings that microglial cells—the macrophages of the brain—are activated during psychosis.6 Cells visualized with a positron emission tomography tracer (PK11195) that binds to peripheral benzodiazepine receptors, an indicator of microglia activation, were found to have greater receptor expression in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.7 Activated microg-lia stimulate astrocytes to produce S100B, a marker of inflammation that is considered to be the equivalent of C-reactive protein in the brain.8 Serum S100B levels are elevated in patients with schizophrenia, and antipsychotics such as haloperidol (Drug information on haloperidol) and clozapine (Drug information on clozapine) have been shown to decrease S100B release from glial cells.

The Link Between Immune System Dysregulation and Schizophrenia

Метиленовый синий как нормотимик

The investigators administered methylene blue to 37 subjects meeting criteria for bipolar disorder, while maintaining lamotrigine(Drug information on lamotrigine) as their primary mood stabilizer. Patients were randomized to receive 13 weeks treatment with either 195 mg methylene blue daily, or 15 mg as a putative subtherapeutic dose in lieu of a placebo that mimics the color in urine; with groups switching the regimen for an additional 13 weeks.

Alda reported that the active dose was associated with statistically significantly improved mood symptom scores from baseline on multiple measures, including the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). There was no therapeutic effect apparent on cognitive performance, but no decrement observed with its use.

Methylene Blue Studied for Bipolar as FDA Issues Warning