Механизм неврологических побочных эффектов сульфаниламидов

The team drew from previous research showing that blocking the activity of a certain enzyme (sepiapterin reductase) affects the levels of an important molecule called tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in cells. BH4 is critical for the production of neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, and BH4 deficiency causes similar neurological problems to those associated with sulfonamide side effects. 

The EPFL scientists showed for the first time that sulfonamides actually bind to the part of the enzyme that makes BH4. Using a high-throughput drug screening system, the researchers identified ten sulfonamides that strongly inhibit the enzyme. Taking advantage of the expertise of Florence Pojer at EPFL's Global Health Institute, the scientists were able to solve the enzyme's molecular structure and determine how sulfonamides bind to it.

 New Understanding Of The Neurological Side Effects Of Sulfonamide Antibiotics

Нитропруссид натрия и шизофрения

Psychotic patients improved rapidly after a single infusion of sodium nitroprusside, researchers reported.

In a small randomized trial, patients who got the antihypertensive agent saw most of their symptoms diminish within 4 hours, while those who got a matching placebo did not, according to Serdar Dursun, MD, PhD, of the University of Alberta in Edmonton, and colleagues.

 Hypertension Drug Works for Schizophrenia

Физические упражнения в терапии депрессии

Based on research, aerobic exercise is the preferred form of exercise for patients with major depression. There is also some research support for resistance training, said Rethorst and Trivedi.

Researchers suggest that patients participate in three to five exercise sessions per week, for 45 to 60 minutes per session. In terms of intensity, for aerobic exercise, they recommend achieving a heart rate that is 50 to 85 percent of the individual’s maximum heart rate.

For resistance training, they recommend a variety of upper and lower body exercises — three sets of eight repetitions at 80 percent of the maximum weight that the person can lift one time.

The findings suggest that patients may experience a relief in depression in as little as four weeks after starting exercise. However, Rethorst and Trivedi emphasize that the exercise regimen should be continued for at least 10 to 12 weeks to achieve the greatest antidepressant effect.

Although some people question whether patients with MDD would actually participate in an exercise program, the studies reveal that only about 15 percent of patients dropped out of the exercise programs — comparable to dropout rates in studies of medications and psychotherapy.

New Guidelines for Using Exercise as an Antidepressant