Влияние различных гормонов на симптомы шизофрении

The relationship between androgens and mental state seems particularly complicated. Animal evidence suggests that testosterone may be propsychotic, given that administration of testosterone significantly enhanced NMDA antagonist-induced disruptions in prepulse inhibition in OVX rats. There is also limited evidence that high-dose androgenic steroids can induce psychiatric symptoms in humans; however, most of the research to date into androgens and mental state has focused on the testosterone precursors dehydroepiandrosterone and DHEA-sulfate (DHEA-S). DHEA(S) is neuroprotective in the rodent brain, and differences in DHEA(S) blood levels between psychotic patients and healthy controls are widely reported; however, the direction of these differences is far from consistent. Results from clinical studies trialling DHEA(S) as an augmentation strategy have been similarly contradictory, with some studies finding a modest treatment effect and others reporting no superiority over placebo. Further research is needed. Pregnenolone and its metabolites pregnenolone sulfate and allopregnanolone seem more promising. In addition to also possessing neuromodulatory and neuroprotective properties, these neurosteroids exert positive effects in rodent models of cognition and psychosis.Serum levels of pregnenolone have been found to be lower in patients with schizophrenia than in healthy controls, and antipsychotic medications can significantly increase pregnenolone levels in the brain. A review of three small pilot studies investigating pregnenolone as an adjunctive intervention for patients with schizophrenia reports that pregnenolone was able to improve psychotic and cognitive symptoms, paving the way for future research into this compound. Recently, oxytocin has also emerged as possibly having an influence on mental state after one study found that higher peripheral oxytocin levels were associated with decreased symptom severity in women with chronic schizophrenia, and another study demonstrated efficacy of intranasal oxytocin as an adjunctive therapy in a randomized, cross-over sample of 15 schizophrenia patients.

 Hormones and Schizophrenia

Симптомы дефицита тестостерона

Symptoms and Signs Suggestive of Testosterone Deficiency in Men

More Specific Signs and Symptoms – Reduced libido – Erectile dysfunction (ED) – Reduced intensity of orgasm and genital sensation – Osteoporosis or low bone mineral density – Decreased spontaneous erection – Oligospermia or azoospermia – Very small or shrinking testes – Hot flushes, sweats – Breast discomfort, gynecomastia – Loss of pubic and axillary hair, reduced shaving Less Specific Signs and Symptoms – Decreased energy or vitality, increased fatigue – Depressed mood – Reduced muscle mass and strength – Poor concentration and memory – Sleep disturbance; increased sleepiness – Mild anemia – Increased body fat, body mass index – Diminished physical or work performance

Risks and Comorbid Illnesses Associated With Testosterone Deficiency

– Metabolic syndrome – Obesity – Hyperlipidemia – Hypertension – Elevated fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin – Elevated C-reactive protein – Diabetes mellitus (type 1 or 2) – Cardiovascular disease (including aortic atherosclerosis) – Chronic obstructive lung disease – Inflammatory arthritis – Low trauma fracture – End-stage renal disease – HIV-related weight loss – Hemochromatosis – Sellar mass, radiation to the sellar region, or other diseases of the sellar region – Chronic pain syndrome and treatment with opioids – Treatment with glucocorticoids – Radical prostatectomy

Low Testosterone Medscape CME Expert Column Series. Issue 1: Testosterone Deficiency in Men: Common and Under-recognized