Позднее начало лечения депрессии ассоциировано с худшим ответом на терапию

Background

The duration of untreated illness has been considered a likely predictor of the course of psychotic disorders. However, there is only sparse data concerning the influence of treatment delay on the outcome of mood disorders. The present study aimed to assess the effect of prolonged untreated depression on the outcome of antidepressant treatment.

Method

Patients aged 18–70 years with recent onset of the first lifetime depressive episode were systematically recruited by the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register during a 2-year period. A total number of 399 individuals out of 1006 potential participants in the Register were interviewed, and 270 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The validity of the diagnosis, duration of untreated illness, remission on first-line antidepressant treatment and a number of covariates, including psychiatric co-morbidity, personality disorders and traits, stressful life events prior to onset, and family history of psychiatric illness, were assessed by structured interviews.

Results

The remission rate was significantly decreased among patients with six months or more of untreated depression as compared to patients who were treated with antidepressant medication earlier after onset (21.1% versus 33.7%, OR=0.5, 95% CI 0.3 to 0.9, p=0.03). The negative influence of a prolonged DUI on the outcome did not seem confounded by any of a wide range of demographic and clinical variables.

Limitations

The outcome was evaluated retrospectively. The findings cannot be generalized to patients outside hospital settings.

Conclusion

Initiation of antidepressant treatment more than six months after onset of first episode depression reduces the chance of obtaining remission. The results emphasize the importance of early recognition and treatment of patients suffering from depression.

The effect of prolonged duration of untreated depression on antidepressant treatment outcome

Оценка качества ремиссии и шкала Гамильтона

Objective: In treatment studies of depression, remission is typically defined narrowly, based on scores on symptom severity scales. Patients treated in clinical practice, however, define the concept of remission more broadly and consider functional status, coping ability, and life satisfaction as important indicators of remission status. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services project, we examined how many depressed patients in ongoing treatment who scored in the remission range on the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HDRS) did not consider themselves to be in remission from their depression. Among the HDRS remitters, we compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients who did and did not consider themselves to be in remission.

Method: From March 2009 to July 2010, we interviewed 274 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with DSM-IV major depressive disorder who were in ongoing treatment. The patients completed measures of depressive and anxious symptoms, psychosocial functioning, and quality of life.

Results: Approximately one-half of the patients scoring 7 and below on the HDRS (77 of 140 patients for whom self-reported remission status was available) did not consider themselves to be in remission. The self-described remitters had significantly lower levels of depression and anxiety than the patients who did not consider themselves to be in remission (P < .001). Compared to patients who did not consider themselves to be in remission, the remitters reported significantly better quality of life (P < .001) and less functional impairment due to depression (P < .001). Remitters were significantly less likely to report dissatisfaction in their mental health (P < .01), had higher positive mental health scores (P < .001), and reported better coping ability (P < .001).

Conclusions: Some patients who meet symptom-based definitions of remission nonetheless experience low levels of symptoms or functional impairment or deficits in coping ability, thereby warranting a modification in treatment. The findings raise caution in relying exclusively on symptom-based definitions of remission to guide treatment decision-making in clinical practice.

Why Do Some Depressed Outpatients Who Are in Remission According to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale Not Consider Themselves to Be in Remission?

Приверженность лечению клозапином и пролонгированными формами антипсихотиков в сравнении с пероральным олонзапином

They found an 83% lower risk for all-cause discontinuation of clozapine than for oral olanzapine (Zyprexa, Eli Lilly and Co.) treatment. "Patient adherence with clozapine and the LAI antipsychotics is much better than with oral olanzapine, which has been considered the most efficacious drug, according to the 2005 Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) study," Dr. Kroken said.

... 

"This has to do with the formulation; patients allow prescribing to continue for longer on LAIs than on orals. This might also be due to...seeing a clinician every 2 weeks," said Dr. Patel.

Adherence Better With Clozapine and LAI Antipsychotics

Поддерживающая терапия в комбинации с психосоциальным вмешательством

Xiaofeng Guo, M.D., and Jinguo Zhai, M.D., and colleagues evaluated this combination of therapies in 1,268 patients with early-stage schizophrenia treated from 2005 to 2007. A total of 633 were randomly assigned to receive schizophrenia drugs plus a psychosocial intervention involving 48 one-hour group sessions.

The psychosocial intervention included four evidence-based practices: psychoeducation (instruction for families and caregivers about mental illness), family intervention (teaching coping and socializing skills), skills training and cognitive behavioral therapy.

The other 635 patients received medication alone.

Rates of treatment discontinuation or change were 32.8 percent in the combined treatment group, compared with 46.8 percent in the medication-only group. The risk of relapse was lower among patients in the combination group, occurring in 14.6 percent of patients in that group and 22.5 percent of patients in the medication-only group.

The combined treatment group also exhibited greater improvements in insight, social functioning, activities of daily living and on four domains of quality of life, and a significantly higher proportion of them were employed or received education. There were no significant differences in either frequency or type of adverse events between the groups.

Early Meds, Counseling Aid Schizophrenia