Риск шизофрении и чувствительность к глютену у матери

Maternal infections and other inflammatory disorders during pregnancy have long been linked to greater risk for schizophrenia in the offspring but, the Swedish and U.S. investigators say, this is the first study that points to maternal food sensitivity as a possible culprit in the development of such disorders. The findings establish a strong link but do not mean that gluten sensitivity will invariably cause schizophrenia, the investigators caution. The research, however, does suggest an intriguing new mechanism that may drive up risk and illuminate possible prevention strategies.
"Our research not only underscores the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy and its lifelong effects on the offspring, but also suggests one potential cheap and easy way to reduce risk if we were to find further proof that gluten sensitivity exacerbates or drives up schizophrenia risk," said study lead investigator Håkan Karlsson, M.D., Ph.D., a neuroscientist at Karolinska Institutet and former neuro-virology fellow at Johns Hopkins.
The team's findings are based on an examination of 764 birth records and neonatal blood samples of Swedes born between 1975 and 1985. Some 211 of them subsequently developed non-affective psychoses, such as schizophrenia and delusional disorders.
Using stored neonatal blood samples, the investigators measured levels of IgG antibodies to milk and wheat. IgG antibodies are markers of immune system reaction triggered by the presence of certain proteins. Because a mother's antibodies cross the placenta during pregnancy to confer immunity to the baby, a newborn's elevated IgG levels are proof of protein sensitivity in the mother.
Children born to mothers with abnormally high levels of antibodies to the wheat protein gluten had nearly twice the risk of developing schizophrenia later in life, compared with children who had normal levels of gluten antibodies. The link persisted even after researchers accounted for other factors known to increase schizophrenia risk, including maternal age, gestational age, mode of delivery and the mother's immigration status. The risk for psychiatric disorders was not increased among those with elevated levels of antibodies to milk protein.

Maternal Antibodies to Gluten Linked to Schizophrenia Risk in Children

Антитела к глиадину у больных шизофренией

The present work measured circulating antibodies against native gliadins, deamidated gliadin–derived epitopes, and transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) in 473 patients with schizophrenia and 478 control subjects among a Chinese population. The results showed that 27.1% of patients with schizophrenia were positive for the IgA antibody against native gliadins compared with 17.8% of control subjects (χ2 = 11.52, P = .0007, OR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.25–2.35), although this significant difference appeared to be due mainly to low IgA gliadin antibody levels in female controls. A total of 27.6% of female patients were positive for IgA gliadin antibodies compared with 13.9% of female controls (χ2 = 10.46, P = .0012, OR = 2.36, 95% CI 1.39–4.01), and 26.4% of male patients were positive for IgA antibodies compared with 19.8% of male controls (χ2 = 3.26, P = .071, OR = 1.46, 95% CI 0.97–2.19). Of 128 patients who were positive for the IgA antibody against native gliadins, 8 were positive for the IgA antibody against deamidated gliadin epitopes and 1 was positive for IgA anti-TGM2 antibody. However, quantitative analysis demonstrated that the mean levels of IgA antibodies against deamidated gliadin epitopes and TGM2 were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia than the control subjects (P < .001 and P = .008, respectively). The prevalence of IgG antibodies against native gliadins was not significantly different between the patient group and the control group (χ2 = 2.25, P = .134, OR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.92–1.88). This study suggests that specific gliadin-derived epitopes may be involved in schizophrenia.

 A Study of Circulating Gliadin Antibodies in Schizophrenia Among a Chinese Population

Ассоциация между симптомами депрессии и сезонной аллергией на пыльцу

Partam Manalai, M.D., of the Mood and Anxiety Program in the University of Maryland Psychiatry Department and colleagues identified an association between allergy related to seasonal pollen exposure and depressive mood symptoms during the peak pollen season.

Among the 100 recruited study participants with a prior diagnosis of either major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder, approximately half had positive allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in blood samples, indicating an allergic reaction to airborne pollen. Their allergy symptoms were measured with the Allergy Symptom Severity Assessment (ASSA) scale, and their mood symptoms were assessed using the questionnaire Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Seasonal Affective Disorders Version (SIGH-SAD).

After controlling for various confounding factors with multiple regression analysis, the researchers found that the participants' score change in the typical depression portion of the SIGH-SAD was statistically associated with worse ASSA score (p=0.008), and the change in the atypical depression portion of the SIGH-SAD was associated with IgE positivity (p=0.033). “The relationship between … [the] allergen-specific IgE and changes in mood supports a biological … mediation of the association between allergy and depression,” the authors wrote.

psychiatryonline.org