Thus, the present study used a composite dietary quality score as well as 3 dietary patterns ("traditional," "western," and "modern") derived by factor analysis to measure overall dietary intake and controlled for age, education, socioeconomic status, physical activity, alcohol and nicotine consumption, as well as body mass index as potential confounders. The "traditional" diet was mainly comprised of vegetables, fruit, beef, lamb, fish, and whole-grain foods; the "western" diet consisted mainly of meat pies, processed meats, pizza, chips, hamburgers, white bread, sugar, flavored milk drinks, and beer; and the "modern" diet comprised fruits and salad plus fish, tofu, beans, nuts, yogurt, and red wine. Psychopathology was assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV-TR, Non-patient Version (SCID I/NP) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12).
The results showed that, controlled for all potential confounders, a "traditional" diet was associated with significantly lower odds of depressive and anxiety disorders, while a "western" diet was significantly associated with higher general symptoms on the GHQ-12. The "western" diet was furthermore correlated with higher odds of depressive disorders before adjustment for confounders, while adjustment reduced it to a trend. The diet quality score was inversely related with general symptoms on the GHQ-12, also when controlled for confounders. Interestingly, the authors noted a positive correlation between a "modern" diet and depressive disorders after adjustment for confounders.
The Year in Psychosis and Bipolar Disorder: Association of Diet With Depression and Anxiety
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